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Combustion mode in parallel hybrid vehicle generator#
Combustion mode in parallel hybrid vehicle full#
Combustion mode in parallel hybrid vehicle series#

As of January 2017, worldwide hybrid sales are led by the Toyota Prius liftback, with cumulative sales of almost 4 million units. Global sales are led by the Toyota Motor Company with more than 10 million Lexus and Toyota hybrids sold as of January 2017, followed by Honda Motor Co., Ltd. with cumulative global sales of more than 1.35 million hybrids as of June 2014 Ford Motor Corporation with over 424,000 hybrids sold in the United States through June 2015 the Hyundai Group with cumulative global sales of 200,000 hybrids as of March 2014, including both Hyundai Motor Company and Kia Motors hybrid models. Norway ranks second with a hybrid market share of 6.9% of new car sales in 2014, followed by the Netherlands with 3.7%, France and Sweden, both with 2.3%. As of April 2016, Japan ranked as the market leader with more than 5 million hybrids sold, followed by the United States with cumulative sales of over 4 million units since 1999, and Europe with about 1.5 million hybrids delivered since 2000. Japan also has the world’s highest hybrid market penetration. In 2016, the hybrid market share accounted for 38% of new standard passenger car sales, and 25.7% of new passenger vehicle sales included Kei cars. With a large potential to save fuel consumption and to reduce pollutant emission, the hybrid electric vehicle becomes more and more popular in the international vehicle market.Īs of January 2017, over 12 million hybrid electric vehicles have been sold worldwide since their inception in 1997. While initially perceived as unnecessary due to the low cost of gasoline, nowadays, environmental pollution and petroleum problems have become more and more serious, which pushes the advancement of vehicle technology towards energy conservation and environment protection. (topography, highway driving, step foot traffic, number of traffic lights, a.s.o.).Although Ferdinand Porsche developed the Lohner-Porsche in 1901, hybrid electric vehicles, a type of vehicle powered by electricity and fossil fuel, did not become widely available until the release of the Toyota Prius in Japan in 1997, followed by the Honda Insight in 1999. This balance can be perfectly adapted in function of specific circumstances in every city. Due to the perfect designed balance between battery power drive, fuel cell drive and combined drive, the FCE buses have an autonomy of a 16 hour service day.Compared to other zero emission solutions (i.e trolley buses or some opportunity charged batterie buses), there is no visual pollution (catenary lines or charging poles).The fuel efficiency of hybrid FCEB was measured to be double as good as dedicated fuel cell buses (such as in the CUTE = Clean Urban Transport in European cities programme).

Combustion mode in parallel hybrid vehicle full#

Regenerative braking: depending of the battery characteristics, the fuel consumption decreases dramatically compared to a full fuel cell bus.

No vibrations compared to combustion engines.

Very silent for passengers in and outside the bus.

High comfort due to the electric traction : no gear shifts which means no jerks in the bus during acceleration and braking.

Advantages of the fuel cell series hybrid. Fuel Cell series hybrid is the best solution for stop-and-go urban transport: Since the ICE is not connected to the wheels, it can operate at an optimum rate and can even be switched off for short periods of time for a temporary all-electric operation of the bus.

Combustion mode in parallel hybrid vehicle generator#

The generator also recharges a battery pack which provides supplemental power to the motor. This electricity powers a motor which turns the wheels of the vehicle.

Combustion mode in parallel hybrid vehicle series#

In a series hybrid bus, the internal combustion engine (ICE) is connected to an electric generator which converts the energy produced by the ICE into electric power.

A series hybrid bus is exclusively propelled by the electric motor.

During acceleration, both the electric motor and the combustion engine power the transmission. The electric motor is designed to provide power during stop-and-go traffic while at highway speeds the vehicle is powered solely by the internal combustion engine.

In a parallel hybrid bus, the combustion engine and the electric motor are connected to the transmission independently.

There are two different types of hybrid systems:

an overhead electric line and batteries in Trolley hybrid buses.

a fuel cell and batteries in fuel cell hybrid vehicles.

an internal combustion engine and batteries or ultracapacitors in diesel hybrid vehicles.

A hybrid vehicle uses two or more distinct types of power, such as: